When work done is positive and when work done is negative- A classic example:


An IC engine is an example of a work performing device. It takes energy in the form of chemical from the air and fuel, then converted into heat, and due to the crank piston connecting rod setup ,it moves, the crankshaft now rotates and gives power to the concerned load. Hence work done is positive.

Whereas, a compressor is a work taking device. The crankshaft is rotated due to some power given to it and it sucks in air. 

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